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目的了解西藏民族学院藏、汉族新生的健康情况,为制定学生常见疾病预防控制措施提供依据。方法采用常规体检方法,对西藏民族学院2003～2007级新生12362名进行内科、外科、血液生化、胸部X线透视、结核菌素(PPD)试验检查。结果藏、汉族新生年平均完全健康率分别为76.88%和88.63%,汉族新生高于藏族新生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。乙型肝炎表面抗原阳性率年平均为8.41%,潜伏结核感染率年平均为5.28%,均为藏族高于汉族,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。藏族新生潜伏结核感染率、汉族新生乙肝五项及肝功能异常率逐年下降。结论西藏民族学院汉族新生健康状况良好,藏族新生健康状况逐年好转。影响西藏民族学院新生健康的主要问题是HBV感染和结核菌感染。
Objective To understand the health status of Tibetans and Han nationality freshmen in Tibet Nationalities University and to provide evidences for the prevention and control of common diseases. Methods A total of 12362 freshmen from 2003 to 2007 at Tibet Nationalities Institute were examined with internal medicine, surgery, blood biochemistry, chest X-ray and tuberculin (PPD) test. Results The average complete health rate of Tibetan and Han nationality newborns was 76.88% and 88.63%, respectively. The Han nationality newborn was higher than that of Tibetan newborn (P <0.01). The positive rate of hepatitis B surface antigen was 8.41% on average, and the average infection rate of latent tuberculosis was 5.28%, all of which were higher in Tibetan than Han nationality (P <0.01). Tibetan newborn latent tuberculosis infection rate, Han newborn hepatitis B five and abnormal liver function rate decreased year by year. Conclusion The Han nationality freshmen in Tibet Nationalities University are in good health and the health status of Tibetan freshmen is getting better year by year. The main problems that affect the freshmen’s health of Tibet Nationalities University are HBV infection and TB infection.