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目的调查佛山市三水区现有企业工作场所粉尘危害现状。方法采用横断面流行病学调查的方法对三水区陶瓷、水泥、宝石加工等6个行业共64家粉尘企业进行调查。结果所检测企业的粉尘浓度超标率46.04%,最高超标94倍。以宝石加工行业超标率最高(80.00%),其次为陶瓷行业(61.54%)。粉尘中游离二氧化硅(SiO2)含量为3.39%～69.50%。职业健康检查在岗4827名接尘工人,检出矽肺18例,检出率0.37%,均发生于宝石加工行业,其他行业未检出尘肺;上岗前检查13821人,检出尘肺11例,检出率为0.08%,既往接尘史均来自陶瓷行业;离岗检查1693人,未检出尘肺病患者。结论三水区现有企业工作场所粉尘危害严重。宝石加工行业和陶瓷行业是治理粉尘危害的重点行业。
Objective To investigate the status quo of dust hazard in the workplace of existing enterprises in Sanshui District, Foshan City. Methods A total of 64 dust enterprises in 6 industries including ceramics, cement and gemstone processing in Sanshui District were surveyed by means of cross-sectional epidemiological survey. Results The concentration of dust in the tested enterprises exceeded the rate of 46.04%, the maximum exceeded 94 times. To the gem processing industry exceeded the highest rate (80.00%), followed by the ceramic industry (61.54%). Dust free silicon dioxide (SiO2) content of 3.39% ~ 69.50%. Occupational health check on post 4827 dust workers, detection of silicosis in 18 cases, the detection rate of 0.37%, all occurred in the gem processing industry, other industries have not detected pneumoconiosis; pre-job inspection of 13821 people, detected pneumoconiosis in 11 cases, detected Rate of 0.08%, the history of the past were from the ceramic industry dust; off-duty inspection of 1693 people, not detected pneumoconiosis patients. Conclusion Dust in the workplace of existing enterprises in Sanshui District is seriously endangered. Gem processing industry and the ceramic industry is the key industry to deal with the hazards of dust.