20世纪社会主义运动潮起潮落无疑是全世界最为关注的话题。作为从20世纪走过来的马克思主义理论工作者尤为关切的是,20世纪社会主义所应对的三大挑战及其留给新世纪的历史启示。三大挑战第一大挑战:经济文化落后的国家能否先于发达资本主义国家走上社会主义道路。20世纪的历史虽然事实上已经圆满地回答了这个课题,但是关于它的争论却 Ebb and flow of the socialist movement in the 20th century is undoubtedly the world’s most talked about topic. Of particular concern to Marxist theoreticians who have come from the 20th century are the three major challenges that socialism in the 20th century responded to and the historical revelations it left to the new century. The Big Three Challenges The Biggest Challenge: Can a country with a backward economy and culture embark on the socialist road ahead of a developed capitalist country? Although the history of the twentieth century has in fact answered this question satisfactorily, the controversy over it