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针对国内硬X射线天文观测的需求,研究了1～30keV能段圆锥嵌套Wolter-Ⅰ型X射线天文望远镜的光学设计,推导了嵌套层之间的结构递推关系,给出了合理的望远镜初始结构。在最内层和最外层之间,设计了6组W/B4C宽带非周期多层膜,模拟得到系统的有效集光面积和分辨力。理论有效集光面积达到127cm2(在2keV处)和71cm2(在30keV处),系统角分辨力约10″。系统实际成像质量还受到公差的影响,引起像质下降的公差主要有辐条位置公差、镜面位置公差和镜面面形公差。目前演示实验方便改善的公差是辐条位置公差,给出了此公差的计算方法并对系统进行光线追迹,得到了成像点列图和分辨力改变情况。辐条位置公差从±15μm缩小到±3μm后,系统分辨力由1′提高到13″。
According to the needs of hard X - ray astronomical observations in China, the optical design of conic nested Wolter - Ⅰ X - ray telescope with 1 ~ 30 keV energy is studied. The structure recursion between nested layers is deduced. The reasonable Telescope initial structure. Between the innermost layer and the outermost layer, six W / B4C broadband aperiodic multilayer films were designed to simulate the effective collection area and resolution of the system. The theoretical effective light collection area reaches 127cm2 (at 2keV) and 71cm2 (at 30keV), and the angular resolution of the system is about 10 “. The actual imaging quality of the system is also affected by the tolerance. The tolerances causing the image quality degradation mainly include the spoke position tolerance, The mirror position tolerance and the mirror surface shape tolerance.At present, the experimental convenience is to improve the tolerance is the spoke position tolerance, gives the calculation method of this tolerance and the system ray tracing, get the image point diagram and resolution change. After the position tolerance is reduced from ± 15μm to ± 3μm, the system resolution is increased from 1 ’to 13 ”.