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目的分析株洲市疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse events following immunization,AEFI)的发生特征,评价AEFI监测系统的运转情况。方法收集株洲市2008年1月1日-2011年8月31日AEFI监测系统报告的个案数据,用描述性流行病学方法对相关指标进行分析。结果株洲市共报告AEFI 168例,<3岁病例占78.57%(132/168);男女性别比为1.13:1;主要集中在3-8月份和11-12月份;国家免疫规划(national immunization program,NIP)疫苗接种后发生的AEFI占68.45%;168例AEFI中95.24%为不良反应,其中以一般反应为主,占91.25%;AEFI疫苗分布中以无细胞百白破疫苗最常见,占32.74%;82.74%AEFI反应发生在疫苗接种后<1 d,临床损害以发热和红肿/硬结为主,各占47.62%、32.14%,异常反应中以过敏性皮疹为主,占42.86%(6/14);168例AEFI中有165例治愈或好转(98.21%),2例死亡(1.19%);全市9个县区均有AEFI数据报告,48 h及时报告率为89.88%,48 h及时调查率为97.5%。结论株洲市AEFI监测系统总体运转情况正常,监测质量仍需进一步提高。
Objective To analyze the occurrence characteristics of suspected AEFI in Zhuzhou City and evaluate the operation of AEFI monitoring system. Methods The case reports of AEFI surveillance system collected from January 1, 2008 to August 31, 2011 in Zhuzhou City were collected and the relevant indicators were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 168 AEFI cases were reported in Zhuzhou City, accounting for 78.57% (132/168) of cases <3 years of age. The male-to-female sex ratio was 1.13: 1, which mainly ranged from March to August and from November to December. The national immunization program , NIP) accounted for 68.45% of AEFI after vaccination; 95.24% of 168 cases of AEFI were adverse reactions, of which 91.25% were general reactions. The most common type of AEFI vaccine was 32.74 %; 82.74% of AEFI reactions occurred within 1 d after vaccination. The main clinical manifestations were fever and redness / sclerosis, accounting for 47.62% and 32.14% respectively. Allergic rash was the most common anaphylactic reaction (42.86%, 6 / 14); 168 cases of AEFI cured or improved in 165 cases (98.21%), 2 cases of death (1.19%); AEFI data were reported in 9 counties in the city, timely reporting rate was 89.88% 48h, 48 h timely investigation The rate was 97.5%. Conclusion The overall operation of AEFI monitoring system in Zhuzhou City is normal and the quality of monitoring needs to be further improved.