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肾上腺是人体内一个重要的内分泌腺,它由皮质与髓质两部分构成。肾上腺皮质又分为球状带、束状带与网状带三个部分,三者分泌的皮质激素各不相同,若以其束状带所分泌的糖皮质激素过多引起病变者,则称为柯兴氏综合征。本征实际上仅是肾上腺皮质机能亢进症中的一类,所以更确切的名称应该叫做皮质醇症。肾上腺皮质激素的分泌受到丘脑下部——垂体——肾上腺轴的控制。丘脑下部产生的促皮质激素释放因子(Corticotrophin Releasing Factor)简称(CRF),刺激脑垂体产生ACTH,ACTH又刺激肾上腺皮质醇和雄激素。其中还存在一种负反馈机制:
The adrenal gland is an important endocrine gland in the human body. It consists of two parts: the cortex and the medulla. The adrenal cortex is also divided into three parts: a globular zone, a bundle zone, and a reticular zone. The corticosteroids secreted by the three are different from each other. If the glucocorticoids secreted by their bundles are caused by excessive lesions, they are called Cushing’s syndrome. Intrinsic is actually only one of the types of adrenocortical hyperactivity disorder, so the more accurate name should be called cortisol. The secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone is controlled by the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. The Corticotrophin Releasing Factor (CRF), produced in the hypothalamus, stimulates the pituitary to produce ACTH, which in turn stimulates adrenal cortisol and androgens. There is also a negative feedback mechanism: