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土壤中磷的赋存形态，一般分为无机态磷（水溶态、吸附态、矿物态）和有机态磷（占全磷量的２０％～５０％）。作物主要是吸收无机态磷，其有效性随土壤ｐＨ值而变化。土壤中各种形态的磷素，随土壤环境条件：ｐＨ值、有机质、水分、温度、矿物组成、可溶性阳离子性质、氧化还原状况的不同，进行着磷的固定或释放的转化和循环。研究磷在土壤中的赋存规律、转化规律及其转化产物的有效性，可指导合理施肥和开发新的磷肥品种。
Soil phosphorus forms, generally divided into inorganic phosphorus (water soluble, adsorption state, mineral state) and organic phosphorus (accounting for 20% to 50% of total phosphorus). Crops mainly absorb inorganic phosphorus, the effectiveness of which varies with soil pH. Various forms of phosphorus in the soil, with the soil environmental conditions: pH, organic matter, moisture, temperature, mineral composition, soluble cationic nature, redox conditions, the phosphorus fixation or release of the transformation and recycling. Studying the occurrence and transformation rules of phosphorus in soil and the effectiveness of its transformation products can guide the rational fertilization and development of new phosphate fertilizer varieties.