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随着医用辐射诊疗、核能事业以及航天航空事业的发展以及同位素在工农业中的应用,国民各部门应用和接触辐射的人员与日俱增。在辐射事故中需要确定受照射剂量以便能够做好急、慢性辐射损伤伤员的分类、诊断和治疗工作目前剂量估算方法主要有三大类:物理方法、生物方法和临床指标。目前国际上生物剂量计指标存在许多种,包括染色体畸变、微核率、DNA损伤分析、基因微阵列分析以及蛋白标志物分析等方法。本文就在辐射事故中常用的及新出现的生物剂量计作一综述。
With the development of medical radiation treatment and treatment, nuclear energy business and the development of aerospace industry and the application of isotopes in agriculture and industry, the number of personnel employed and exposed to radiation by various departments of the nation is increasing day by day. Need to determine the dose in order to be able to do a good job in acute and chronic radiation injury injury classification, diagnosis and treatment of radiation dose There are three main methods of dose estimation: physical methods, biological methods and clinical indicators. At present, there are many kinds of indicators of biological dosimeter in the world, including chromosome aberration, micronucleus rate, DNA damage analysis, gene microarray analysis and protein marker analysis. This article reviews the commonly used and emerging biological dosimeters in radiation accidents.