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目的了解2012年广州市企业使用有机溶剂的情况,分析其主要挥发性化学成分和行业分布,为指导日常检测、评价工作以及进行有机溶剂危害控制提供依据。方法收集广州市164家有机溶剂使用企业共491份有机溶剂样品,运用气质联用仪进行挥发性化学成分分析,并对检测数据进行统计分析。结果使用含苯系物溶剂的企业有75.0%,使用含正己烷溶剂的企业有37.2%,使用含苯溶剂的企业有26.8%,使用含1,2-二氯乙烷溶剂的企业有7.9%,使用含N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂的企业有4.9%;检测的491个样品中,苯系物、正己烷、苯、1,2-二氯乙烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的样品检出率分别为56.2%、22.4%、11.6%、2.9%和2.0%。2012年广州市有机溶剂使用企业分布在以皮革箱包制鞋、船舶修造、印刷包装、化工、玻璃宝石加工、IT电子、木质家具等7个行业为主,主要职业病危害因素为苯系物、正已烷、苯、1,2-二氯乙烷,其中,皮革箱包制鞋行业所使用的原辅材料中含有苯、正己烷或1,2-二氯乙烷等高毒成分较多。结论2012年广州市有机溶剂在工业领域应用广泛,含苯溶剂使用行业普遍,需加强1,2-二氯乙烷使用企业的监管。
Objective To understand the situation of enterprises using organic solvents in Guangzhou in 2012, analyze their main volatile chemical composition and industry distribution, and provide the basis for daily routine testing and evaluation as well as controlling the hazard of organic solvents. Methods A total of 491 organic solvent samples from 164 organic solvents enterprises in Guangzhou were collected and analyzed by GC / MS. The detection data were analyzed statistically. As a result, 75.0% of companies use benzene solvent, 37.2% of companies use n-hexane solvent, 26.8% of enterprises use benzene solvent, 7.9% of enterprises that use 1,2-dichloroethane solvent, , 4.9% of the enterprises using N, N-dimethylformamide solvent; Among the 491 samples tested, benzene series, n-hexane, benzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, N, The sample-based detection rate of formamide was 56.2%, 22.4%, 11.6%, 2.9% and 2.0%, respectively. In 2012, the enterprises using organic solvents in Guangzhou are mainly distributed in 7 industries such as leather bags and shoes, ship building, printing and packaging, chemical industry, glass and gem processing, IT electronics and wooden furniture. The main occupational hazards are benzene series, positive Hexane, 1,2-dichloroethane, benzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, among which, the raw and auxiliary materials used in leather bags and shoes industry contain more toxic components such as benzene, n-hexane or 1,2-dichloroethane. Conclusion In 2012, the organic solvents in Guangzhou were widely used in the industrial field. The industries containing benzene solvent are generally used, and the supervision of enterprises using 1,2-dichloroethane should be strengthened.