在现代领导活动中,许多决策上的失误,并不是决策动机有问题,也不都是决策水平有限。真正是主观愿望不对、决策动机不纯的决策,一般都不会作为集体决策的议题提出,即使提出来也难得到顺利的通过。由于决策水平有限导致的决策失误虽有,但也并不是多数,因为既然是决策技术上的问题,就总会有解决问题的办法。多数的决策失误,非但不是决策者主观愿望、决策动机有问题,而恰恰相反,正是因为出于良好愿望、纯洁动机而头脑发热,才导致决策失误。对此,决策层的制衡、修正机制作用有限,民主监督也往往鞭长莫及,而文秘、政务人员则可以通过巧泼“冷水”在其中起 In the modern leadership activities, many policy mistakes are not motivated by problems in decision making, nor are they all at a limited level of decision-making. Truly the subjective aspirations of the decision-making motives impure, generally not as a collective decision-making raised, even if the proposed difficult to get through. Due to the limited level of decision-making led to the decision-making errors, although not, but not the majority, since it is a technical decision-making problems, there will always be a solution to the problem. Most policy mistakes are not only the subjective desire of decision-makers, but they are motivated by problems in decision-making. On the contrary, it is precisely because of good wishes and pure motives that they are feverish and lead to policy mistakes. In this regard, decision-making checks and balances, the amendment mechanism has a limited role, democratic oversight is often beyond the reach of secretarial, government officials can through the Qiao splashing “cold water” in which