新生儿保健在优生优育工作中占了极为重要的地位。儿童保健工作近20～30年来几乎所有的国家很重视,尤其新生儿保健。据报道1949年我国婴儿死亡率为150‰,现已下降至34‰,其中新生儿的死亡数却占了60～70％。欲降低婴儿死亡率,关键在降低新生儿期死亡率。新生儿期分为早期(。、7天)和晚期 (8、28天),由于早期死亡率明显高于晚期,我国在70年代起重视了对围产期保健的研究。1977~1979年首先在农村18省市32个公社进行 Neonatal care plays a very important role in the work of prenatal and postnatal care. Child health care Almost all countries attach importance to the past 20 to 30 years, especially neonatal care. It has been reported that the infant mortality rate in China was 150 ‰ in 1949 and now has dropped to 34 ‰, of which 60 to 70% of neonatal deaths have been reported. To reduce the infant mortality rate, the key is to reduce the neonatal mortality rate. Neonatal period is divided into the early (.7 days) and late (8,28 days), due to the early mortality was significantly higher than in the late, our country in the 1970s attached importance to the study of perinatal care. From 1977 to 1979, it was first carried out in 32 communes of 18 provinces and cities in rural areas