叔本华哲学最具特色又最遭非议的是他所提出的悲观主义理论。其理论的形成,既受他所生活时代的影响,也是他个人独特的人生经历和他对当时资本主义社会盛行的功利主义的认识和感悟的结果。本文试图通过对叔本华的悲观主义伦理分析,以揭示其理论实质及其所蕴含的意义。 Schopenhauer’s philosophy is the most characteristic and the most criticized is his pessimism theory. The formation of his theory is influenced not only by the life time of his life but also by his personal unique life experience and his understanding and comprehension of utilitarianism prevailing in capitalist society at that time. This article attempts to reveal Schopenhauer’s pessimistic ethics by revealing its theoretical essence and its implication.