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二氧化碳腐蚀是油气中的二氧化碳(CO_2)溶解于水后生成碳酸后引起的腐蚀。综述了在二氧化碳环境中,碳钢金属表面有产物膜和无产物膜存在的情况下腐蚀机理。分析了温度、二氧化碳分压、流速、pH值及腐蚀产物膜对二氧化碳腐蚀的影响。认为碳钢的二氧化碳腐蚀机理因金属表面是否形成碳酸铁(FeCO_3)膜而不同,二氧化碳分压和流速影响着腐蚀的阴极过程,而温度主要是影响腐蚀产物膜的形成条件。在局部腐蚀领域内开展基础性和应用性研究,将有助于石油和天然气的腐蚀控制。
Carbon dioxide corrosion is the corrosion caused by carbon dioxide (CO 2) in oil and gas that dissolves in water to produce carbonic acid. The corrosion mechanism of carbon steel in the presence of a product film and a product-free film in a carbon dioxide environment is reviewed. The effects of temperature, carbon dioxide partial pressure, flow rate, pH value and corrosion product film on carbon dioxide corrosion were analyzed. It is considered that the carbon dioxide corrosion mechanism of carbon steel is different due to the formation of the iron carbonate (FeCO 3) film on the metal surface. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide and the flow rate affect the cathodic process of corrosion, and the temperature mainly affects the formation conditions of the corrosion product film. Basic and applied research in the area of localized corrosion will contribute to the control of the corrosion of oil and gas.