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近年来,随着改革的不断深入和市场化程度的不断提高,国有企业技术进步和产业升级取得了一定的成效,企业研究开发实力增强,技术创新主体地位正在逐步落实。但是我们也要看到,我国企业技术创新能力和整体技术水平,与国际先进水平相比,在许多方面还存在着较大的差距: 一是相当部分企业创新意识和能力较差,技术开发能力较弱,主要工业产品升级换代周期较长。据对全国2.4万家大中型企业的调查统计,有技术开发机构和人员的企业只占46.6%。一半以上的企业仍然是单纯的生产单位。二是国企包袱沉重,投资主体功能不健全,R&D投入不足,难以成为投术创新投入主体。国企特别是国有大中型企业技改欠帐太多,关键生产技术落后,自我改造乏力。R&D投入是企业技术创新的重要组成部分,而我国R&D投入严重不足。1995年我国R&D
In recent years, with the continuous deepening of reforms and the ever-increasing degree of marketization, the technological progress and industrial upgrading of state-owned enterprises have achieved some success. The strength of R & D of enterprises has been enhanced, and the leading status of technological innovation is being gradually implemented. However, we must also see that the technological innovation capability and the overall technical level of our enterprises are still far behind those in the international advanced level in many respects. First, a considerable part of enterprises have less awareness of innovation and ability to develop technologies Weaker, longer upgrading and upgrading of major industrial products. According to a survey of 24,000 large and medium-sized enterprises across the country, only 46.6% of enterprises have technical development institutions and personnel. More than half of the enterprises are still purely production units. Second, the burdens of state-owned enterprises are heavy, the functions of investment entities are not perfect, and R & D investment is insufficient, making it difficult to become the main body of investment in investment in innovation. State-owned enterprises, especially state-owned large and medium-sized enterprises, owed too much to the technical reform of their debts, the key production technologies were backward and their self-reliance was weak. R & D investment is an important part of technological innovation in enterprises, while China's R & D investment is seriously inadequate. 1995 China's R & D