一、前言 国内自1978年起由冶金部有色金属研究总院、上海钢铁研究所等单位首先开展NiTi形状记忆合金的研制和应用以来,在最近几年中对这种新颖功能材料的研究和重视已逐渐形成一种可称之为“记忆合金热”的局面,其特点表现为: 1、NiTi合金的若干研究成果已在机械工程、仪器仪表、航天、生物医学工程和 I. Introduction Since 1978, the research and application of NiTi shape memory alloy have been carried out in China by the Nonferrous Metal Research Institute of the Ministry of Metallurgy, Shanghai Institute of Iron and Steel, etc., and the research and emphasis on this novel functional material has been carried out in recent years. Has gradually formed a situation that can be called “memory alloy fever”, its characteristics are as follows: 1, NiTi alloy a number of research results have been in mechanical engineering, instrumentation, aerospace, biomedical engineering and