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在亚当.斯密的“经济人”假设中,“经济人”是在一定的道德伦理和法律约束下,在看不见的手的指引下,追求自我利益的最大化。现代经济学继承了斯密追求自利的“经济人”假设,却抛弃了“经济人”的伦理特征,将“经济人”演变成了“自私自利人”的代名词,将其公理化和公式化,并将这种意义上的“经济人”作为现代经济学的基础。缺乏伦理约束的“经济人”具有重大的理论缺陷,从而也带来了经济学缺乏现实解释力的困境。当代经济学在阿马蒂亚.森等人的影响下,“经济人”假设和当代经济学开始出现古典回归。
In Adam Smith’s “economic man” assumption, “economic man ” is the pursuit of the maximization of self-interest under the guidance of invisible hand, under certain moral, ethical and legal constraints. Modern economics inherits Smith ’s “economic man ” assumption of pursuing self - interest, but abandons the ethical feature of “economic man ” and turns “economic man ” into “selfish man ”. Synonymous with its axiomatic and formulaic, and in this sense “economic man ” as the basis of modern economics. The lack of ethical constraints “economic man ” has a major theoretical flaw, which also brings the lack of realistic explanatory power of economics plight. Under the influence of Amartya Sen, et al., Contemporary economics began to appear classical regression under the assumption of “economic man” and contemporary economics.