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90年代初期,经济合作与发展组织(OECD)组织专家对两个世纪以来世界主要国家的经济发展状况进行了精细比较和定量测算。结果发现,直到1820年,中国的GDP仍高踞世界首位,占到世界总产出的近30％,比占居第二、三、四位的印、法、英三国的总和还要多。 但是仅过了20年,便发生了鸦片战争,中国竞沦为帝国主义列强争相宰割的对象,并在其后一百多年中长期落后于西方的发展,其中的重要原因,是因为中国人口太多和科技落后。人口多,土地和资本要素相对不足,在经济发展中就表现为土地和资金价格的长期抬升趋势,为降低生产成本,
In the early 1990s, experts from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) conducted a detailed comparison and quantitative calculation of the economic development of the world’s major countries over the past two centuries. As a result, it was found that until 1820 China’s GDP still topped the world rank, accounting for nearly 30% of the world’s total output, even more than the sum of India, France and Britain, which occupies the second, third and fourth places. However, only 20 years later, the Opium War took place. China’s competition was the target of the imperialist powers to slaughter and slash, and lagged behind the development of the West in the medium and long term for the next one hundred years. The important reason for this was that China Too large population and backward technology. With a large population, relatively insufficient land and capital elements, it shows a long-term upward trend in land and capital prices in economic development. In order to reduce production costs,