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在分析Ziolkowski气泡振动模型局限性的基础上,建立了多种实际因素影响下的海上地震勘探单枪子波模型。此模型考虑了气泡壁的热传导作用、枪口节流作用、气泡上浮、液体粘度和枪体本身等对气枪子波的影响。相对于Ziolkowski模型,改进模型所模拟的气枪子波主峰值减小,气泡振动衰减加快,与实测子波吻合性较好。实验分析表明:(1)枪口节流作用控制着气枪脉冲峰值振幅的大小,(2)上浮过程中气泡周围静水压力值减小,气泡振动的周期随之改变,(3)热传导作用和流体粘度是引起气泡振动衰减的主要因素。
Based on the analysis of the limitation of the Ziolkowski bubble vibration model, a single-shot sea-wave seismic model is established under the influence of many practical factors. The model takes into account the thermal conductivity of the bubble wall, muzzle throttling effect, bubble up, liquid viscosity and gun body itself on the air gun wave effect. Compared with the Ziolkowski model, the main peak of the airgun wave simulated by the improved model is reduced, and the attenuation of bubble vibration is accelerated, which is in good agreement with the measured wavelet. Experimental analysis shows that: (1) muzzle throttle controls the amplitude of the peak amplitude of the air gun pulse; (2) the hydrostatic pressure around the bubble decreases during floating and the period of the bubble vibration changes; and (3) the thermal conductivity and fluid Viscosity is the main factor that causes bubble vibration attenuation.