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市场作为一种思想方法,其核心首先在于依赖一般的“个人”,依赖于“民众”关于计划与市场的争论,反反复复由来已久。改革开放十几年来从没停止过讨论(还不算在这之前的30年和国际上的百十年),当中还出现过几个大大小小的高潮(不否认每次都有其特殊背景),相应地在实践中,关于“放权”与“收权”、“自主”与“集中”的争论也是“螺旋式”运动。至今,虽然我们已在很大程度上取得了一种共识,但相信这一争论仍不能立即停止,因为在这些争论的背后,不仅有利益集团之间的冲突,也还有两种思想方法、两种经济观、两种改革观的深刻分歧,这些都不是一朝一夕能够解决的。这里仅就作为两种思想方法的“计划”与“市场”,作一些探讨。
As a kind of method of thinking, the core of the market lies in relying on the general “individual” first and relying on the “people's” controversy over the plan and the market for a long time. Since the reform and opening up, we have never stopped discussions (not yet 30 years before and 100 years in the world), and there have been some ups and downs in a few large and small (Do not deny that each time has its own special background Accordingly, in practice, the debate on “decentralization” and “power of attorney”, “autonomy” and “concentration” is also a “spiral” movement. So far, although we have reached a consensus to a large extent, we believe this debate can not be stopped immediately because behind these debates are not only conflicting interests but also two ways of thinking and thinking. The two economic perspectives and the profound differences between the two reform concepts can not be solved overnight. Here we will discuss some of the “plans” and “markets” that are just two ways of thinking.