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I型糖尿病(胰岛素依赖型糖尿病)主要是由于自身免疫反应导致胰岛β细胞损伤所致。目前,临床上主要通过口服降糖药物和胰岛素替代疗法等内科措施治疗I型糖尿病,但只能延缓疾病的发展,并不能彻底治愈。迄今为止,已有研究报道利用胚胎干细胞和成体干细胞成功诱导分化为产胰岛素细胞(IPCs),这给I型糖尿病的治疗带来了新的希望。从干细胞诱导成IPCs的诱导方法都是多阶段的,因干细胞来源不同,诱导所需时间从几天到几个月差异很大,不同诱导方法中所用诱导因子也有所不同,主要包括表皮生长因子、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、激活素A、β细胞素、尼克酰胺、Exendin-4、肝细胞生长因子、胃泌素、葡萄糖和胎牛血清等。目前,尚无统一标准诱导方法可大量并稳定的获得IPCs,并使之分泌的胰岛素量可满足临床治疗。因此,在IPCs临床应用前,关于来源干细胞的选择、诱导方法和诱导所需因子的选用仍需进一步深入探讨。本文主要就干细胞诱导分化为产胰岛素细胞的研究进展进行了综述。
Type I diabetes (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) is mainly due to the autoimmune response leading to islet β cell injury. At present, the clinical treatment of type I diabetes mainly through oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin replacement therapy, but only to delay the development of the disease, and can not be completely cured. So far, it has been reported that the successful differentiation of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) into embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells has brought new hope for the treatment of type I diabetes. Induction from stem cells into IPCs are multi-stage induction methods, due to the different sources of stem cells, the induction of the time required from a few days to months vary greatly, different induction methods used in inducing factor is also different, including epidermal growth factor , Basic fibroblast growth factor, activin A, betacellulin, nicotinamide, Exendin-4, hepatocyte growth factor, gastrin, glucose and fetal bovine serum. At present, there is no uniform standard induction method can be a large number and stable access to IPCs, and the amount of insulin secretion to meet the clinical treatment. Therefore, in the clinical application of IPCs, the selection of stem cells for selection, induction methods and the selection of the factors needed for induction still need to be further explored. This review summarizes the research progress of stem cell-induced differentiation into insulin-producing cells.