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1、实用主义:19世纪末至20世纪40年代美国占主导地位的哲学流派,强调有用即真理,思维只是应付环境解决疑难的工具。这是美国式思维方式和生活方式的突出反映。 2、精神分析学:弗洛伊德于20世纪初创立。其“无意识”和泛性论主张几乎影9向了20世纪人类知识的每个领域(文学方面尤甚),成为一个国际性思潮。 3、相对论:研究时间和空间关系的物理学说。有狭义与广义之分。爱因斯坦于1905年和1916年相继创立。否定了牛顿的绝对时空观,奠定了现代物理学基础,促使人类自然观发生根本性转变,自然科学的面貌为之焕然一新。
1. Pragmatism: The dominant philosophical school in the United States from the late 19th century to the 1940s emphasizes usefulness, ie truth, and thinking is only a tool to deal with environmental problems. This is a prominent reflection of the American way of thinking and way of life. 2, psychoanalysis: Freud was founded in the early 20th century. Its “unconsciousness” and generalism claim that almost every aspect of human knowledge in the 20th century (especially in literature) has become an international trend of thought. 3, Theory of Relativity: The physics that studies the relationship between time and space. There are narrow and broad points. Einstein was founded in 1905 and 1916. Denied Newton’s absolute concept of time and space, laid the foundation of modern physics, prompting a fundamental change in the concept of mankind natural, the look of natural science to make it a new look.