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“控制变量法”是探究物理规律、分析物理量特点的科学方法,在初中人教版物理课本中多处用到这一方法,为此,本文就此方法在教学中的作用做一探讨。自然界中许多物理现象往往是错综复杂的,影响物理学研究对象的因素在许多情况下并不是单一的,而是多种因素相互交错、共同起作用的。例如,某段导体中通过电流的大小不仅和其两端电压有关,还和这段导体的长度、材料、横截面积等因素有关。所以要想精确地把握研究对象的某一特性,弄清事物变化的原因和规律,单靠自然条件下整体观察研究对象是远远不够的,还必须对研究对象施加人为条件的影响,造成特定的便于观察的条件,这就是“控制变量法”。
The “control variable method” is a scientific method that explores the laws of physics and analyzes the characteristics of physical quantities. This method is used in many textbooks for physics of junior high school teachers. Therefore, this paper discusses the role of this method in teaching. Many physical phenomena in the natural world are often complicated, and the factors that affect the object of physics research are not single in many cases, but they are intertwined and work together. For example, the size of the current passing through a segment of a conductor is not only related to the voltage across it, but also related to the length of the conductor, the material, and the cross-sectional area. Therefore, if you want to accurately grasp a certain characteristic of the research object and clarify the causes and laws of the change, it is not enough to observe the research object as a whole under natural conditions. It is also necessary to exert influence on the research object by artificial conditions, resulting in specific The easy-to-observe condition is the “control variable method.”