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国际海洋运输为国际货物买卖的主要运输方式,国际海运承运人的过失责任制度的纵向演变代表着货方、船方利益的失衡、妥协以致相对平衡的过程。从横向上来讲,不同国家对国际海上货物运输中的过失免责制度亦有适合本国利益妥协的规定。我国虽没有加入《海牙规则》、《维斯比规则》和《汉堡规则》中的任何一个,但采用例如本土化的做法通过了《海商法》。本文通过纵向、横向比较国际海运承运人过失免责制度,以期对我国《海商法》中的不足之处以借鉴。
International maritime transport is the main mode of transport for the international sale of goods. The vertical evolution of the fault liability system of the international maritime transport represents the unbalanced interests of the shipper and the shipowner and the process of compromise and balance. From a horizontal perspective, different countries on the international system of fault liability in the carriage of goods by sea also have the compromise of their own interests. Although my country did not accede to any of the Hague Rules, the Visby Rules and the Hamburg Rules, the Maritime Law was adopted, for example, by localizing it. This article compares the fault avoidance system of international maritime carriers vertically and horizontally with a view to learning from the shortcomings in China’s maritime law.