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西尼罗病毒(West Nile Virus,WNV)属黄病毒科,为正单链RNA病毒,主要由蚊虫叮咬传播。近几年,随着WNV感染的流行,除蚊虫叮咬以外的传播途径如输血等日益受到重视,WNV感染的实验室诊断不断取得进展,相关疫苗的研制也在进行之中。本文就WNV的分子生物学、流行病学、感染与免疫、实验室诊断及疫苗的研究进展作一综述。
West Nile Virus (WNV) belongs to the genus Flaviviridae and is a positive single-stranded RNA virus that is transmitted mainly by mosquito bites. In recent years, with the prevalence of WNV infection, transmission routes other than mosquito bites such as blood transfusion are gaining more and more attention. The laboratory diagnosis of WNV infection continues to progress and the development of related vaccines is under way. This article reviews the progress of WNV molecular biology, epidemiology, infection and immunity, laboratory diagnosis and vaccine research.