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美国的免疫工作的重点仍在对儿童的免疫处理。有关儿童常见病的具体免疫建议,最好是参照以下两份标准文献,即美国儿科学会《红皮书》中的当前问题,美国公卫界免疫实施顾问委员会提出的集体免疫建议。重要的是要坚持免疫处理从儿童时期开始,充分利用那些主要是为成人安排的免疫方法。内科医生必须保证像白喉—破伤风、流感和肺炎球菌病之类的常规免疫,一直坚持下来,并有充分记录。还须了解什么情况下必须动用不太常用的产品或常用免疫剂的强化剂量。主动和被动免疫剂都有供应(表15-1和表15-2)。主动免疫主要用于预计会接触到某种疾病时,可选用以下一种免疫制剂为免疫原:灭活病毒或病毒蛋白,减毒活病毒,细菌蛋白,细菌多糖。
The focus of the immunization efforts in the United States is still on immunization of children. Specific immunization recommendations for common childhood illnesses are best guided by the following two standard articles, the current issue of the American Academy of Pediatrics Red Book, and the recommendations for collective immunization by the Public Health Sector Advisory Committee on Immunization in the United States. It is important to insist that immunization be initiated from childhood and take full advantage of the immunization methods that are predominantly designed for adults. Physicians must ensure that routine immunizations such as diphtheria-tetanus, flu and pneumococcal disease are upheld and adequately documented. It is also important to understand the circumstances under which less commonly used products or fortified doses of commonly used immunizing agents must be used. Both active and passive immunization agents are available (Table 15-1 and Table 15-2). Active immunization is mainly used when it is expected to be exposed to a disease, you can choose one of the following immune agents as immunogens: inactivated virus or viral proteins, live attenuated viruses, bacterial proteins, bacterial polysaccharides.