本文报告皮质下动脉硬化性脑病（Ｂｉｎｓｗａｎｇｅｒ病）５８例，其中男４５例，女１３例；年龄５０～８５岁，平均６７．５岁；病程３个月～２８年，平均５．５年；有高血压者８４．５％，无高血压者１５．５％，临床特征包括慢性隐匿性起病、进行性痴呆、卒中和累积出现的以运动障碍为主的神经症状。ＣＴ扫描与ＭＲＩ对本病有决定性诊断价值。结合文献，对本病的病因、诊断及鉴别进行了讨论。 This article reports 58 cases of subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (Binswanger disease), including 45 males and 13 females; aged 50 to 85 years, mean 67.5 years; duration of 3 months to 28 years, an average of 5.5 years; 84.5% had hypertension, and 15.5% had no hypertension. Clinical features include chronic occult onset, progressive dementia, stroke, and cumulative motor symptoms. CT scan and MRI have a decisive diagnostic value for the disease. Combined with the literature, the etiology, diagnosis and identification of the disease were discussed.