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英语中常用的句子类型有陈述句、祈使句、疑问句和感叹句。无论大中型考试对句子的考查都占有相当大的比重。现就常见的考查点简述如下:
一、陈述句的构成及基本用法
陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法的句子,语调常是降调。如:Yang Jun is a student in Melbourne. She is studying in a college there.若改为否定式句子,则要具体分析:(1)肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be,则只需在这些动词后面加not;(2)若陈述句中的谓语动词是实义动词,而其中又没有情态动词或助动词,则根据人称和时态构成的需要在该实义动词前面加上don't、doesn't或didn't,同时把该实义动词变为动词原形。
例1:The questions are easy. The children can understand them.(合为一句)
答案:The questions are easy enough(或not difficult)for the children to understand.
例2:他每天练习说英语。(译成英语)
答案:He practises speaking English every day.
二、祈使句的构成形式及其基本用法
祈使句用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号“!”或句点“.”,朗读时一般用降调。如:Keep top side up!(请勿倒放!)
解析:肯定形式的祈使句:祈使句主语是第二人称时,常被省略,但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情绪,则可以有主语或呼语;在祈使句中,please表示一种委婉的语气,但please用在句末时,其前面必须有逗号将其与句子的其余部分隔开;另外,用let's和let us有区别:前者包括说话者,后者不包括。
例如:①Let’s go swimming, shall we? (咱们去游泳吧, 好吗?)
②Let us try again, will you? (让我们再试一次好吗?)
③___sleep too late. It’s bad for your health. (C)
A、Do B、Not
C、Don't D、Please not
三、疑问句的构成形式及其基本用法
疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。一般疑问句是以助动词、情态动词、be动词或have开头, 用yes或no来回答。选择疑问句是说话者提出的两种或两种以上不同情况,供对方回答时选择。特殊疑问句是由“疑问代词或疑问副词+一般疑问句”构成,应根据实际情况作答。反意疑问句由“陈述句+简短问句”构成,回答常用yes或no。
例如:① —What does the lady look like?
—____.(C)
A、she’s fine and well.
B、she's really a nice lady.
C、she's tall and thin.
D、she likes wearing skirts.
②—When__your brother__back?
—About half an hour ago.(A)
A、did; come B、had;come
C、do;come D、have; come
③—There is some soup on the table, isn't___?(A)
—No,I think that's water.
A、there B、it C、that D、one
四、感叹句构成形式及基本用法
感叹句是由what或how引起的表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的句子,句末用感叹号“!”。what修饰名词;how 修饰形容词、副词等。
例如:①___tall a boy he is ! He can play volleyball very well.(A)
A、How B、What a C、What
② —Dod,do you like my picture?
—_____!It's the nicest one I’ve ever seen!(C)
A、What a strong boy B、How careful
C、How wonderful D、What a brave boy
一、陈述句的构成及基本用法
陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法的句子,语调常是降调。如:Yang Jun is a student in Melbourne. She is studying in a college there.若改为否定式句子,则要具体分析:(1)肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be,则只需在这些动词后面加not;(2)若陈述句中的谓语动词是实义动词,而其中又没有情态动词或助动词,则根据人称和时态构成的需要在该实义动词前面加上don't、doesn't或didn't,同时把该实义动词变为动词原形。
例1:The questions are easy. The children can understand them.(合为一句)
答案:The questions are easy enough(或not difficult)for the children to understand.
例2:他每天练习说英语。(译成英语)
答案:He practises speaking English every day.
二、祈使句的构成形式及其基本用法
祈使句用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号“!”或句点“.”,朗读时一般用降调。如:Keep top side up!(请勿倒放!)
解析:肯定形式的祈使句:祈使句主语是第二人称时,常被省略,但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情绪,则可以有主语或呼语;在祈使句中,please表示一种委婉的语气,但please用在句末时,其前面必须有逗号将其与句子的其余部分隔开;另外,用let's和let us有区别:前者包括说话者,后者不包括。
例如:①Let’s go swimming, shall we? (咱们去游泳吧, 好吗?)
②Let us try again, will you? (让我们再试一次好吗?)
③___sleep too late. It’s bad for your health. (C)
A、Do B、Not
C、Don't D、Please not
三、疑问句的构成形式及其基本用法
疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。一般疑问句是以助动词、情态动词、be动词或have开头, 用yes或no来回答。选择疑问句是说话者提出的两种或两种以上不同情况,供对方回答时选择。特殊疑问句是由“疑问代词或疑问副词+一般疑问句”构成,应根据实际情况作答。反意疑问句由“陈述句+简短问句”构成,回答常用yes或no。
例如:① —What does the lady look like?
—____.(C)
A、she’s fine and well.
B、she's really a nice lady.
C、she's tall and thin.
D、she likes wearing skirts.
②—When__your brother__back?
—About half an hour ago.(A)
A、did; come B、had;come
C、do;come D、have; come
③—There is some soup on the table, isn't___?(A)
—No,I think that's water.
A、there B、it C、that D、one
四、感叹句构成形式及基本用法
感叹句是由what或how引起的表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的句子,句末用感叹号“!”。what修饰名词;how 修饰形容词、副词等。
例如:①___tall a boy he is ! He can play volleyball very well.(A)
A、How B、What a C、What
② —Dod,do you like my picture?
—_____!It's the nicest one I’ve ever seen!(C)
A、What a strong boy B、How careful
C、How wonderful D、What a brave boy