本文回顾了１９８７年１月１日－１９９６年１２月３１日在我院新生儿科死亡的２９２例新生儿死亡的原因，占儿科死亡率的８２．５％。出生一周内的新生儿病死率最高。男女之比约为１．８９∶１，死亡原因以新生儿硬肿症占首位，其次是新生儿呼吸系统疾病，早产低体重儿死亡占第三位，缺氧缺血性脑病死亡占第四位。搞好围产期保健，加强新生儿早期护理，才是降低新生儿死亡的关键性措施 This article reviews the causes of death of 292 neonates who died of neonatology in our hospital from January 1, 1987 to December 31, 1996, accounting for 82.5% of pediatric mortality. Neonatal mortality is highest during the first week of life. The ratio of men to women was about 1.89: 1, the cause of death was neonatal sclerodema, followed by neonatal respiratory diseases, the third with low birth weight premature birth and the fourth with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy Bit. Improving perinatal health care and strengthening early neonatal care are the key measures to reduce neonatal deaths