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棉花再生植株当代或后代存在着广泛的生理和表型变异,其可分为不能遗传的生理型变异和可遗传的遗传型变异两类.生理型变异一般在再生植株当代就恢复正常.在棉花体细胞无性系变异中,叶形、育性的变异大多是生理型变异;株形、熟期、产量性状和纤维品质的变异大多是遗传型变异.在棉花体细胞无性系变异中,大多是不利的变异,但也有少量有利的变异,对其进行连续自交和筛选已获得高衣分、高纤维品质和长绒的新种质,并已获得育性、熟期等方面的新种质.本文还讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的普遍性、特点、类型、规律及利用价值,并给出了抗逆性变异体和表型变异体两类变异体的两种选择途径.
There are two kinds of physiological and phenotypic variation in contemporary or offspring of cotton regenerated plants, which can be divided into two types, which can not be inherited, physiological variation and heritable genetic variation.Physiological variation generally returns to normal in the contemporary regenerative plants.In cotton Most of the variation in leaf shape and fertility in somaclonal variation were physiological variation.The variation in plant shape, ripening date, yield traits and fiber quality were mostly genetic variation.In the variation of somaclonal variation in cotton, most of them were Unfavorable variation, but also a small amount of favorable variation, continuous selfing and screening of new germplasm with high lint percentage, high fiber quality and plush, and access to new germplasm for fertility, ripening, etc. The paper also discussed the universality, characteristics, types, rules and utilization value of somaclonal variations in cotton and provided two alternative ways to deal with the two types of variants.