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用细菌农药防治花木害虫,具有杀虫效益高、对人畜安全、不污染环境、不伤害天敌、不诱发害虫产生抗药性等诸多优点。据调查,使用细菌农药对不少重要的花木害虫,如卷叶蛾类、刺蛾类、夜蛾类、天牛类、金龟子类等,均具有良好的控制作用,经济效益十分明显。目前,可用于花木害虫防治的细菌农药有苏云金杆菌、青虫菌、BT乳剂、BT-781杀虫剂等,均为商品农药。由于细菌农药属活体制剂,其杀虫原理是菌体接触到害虫后侵入,在害虫体内繁殖,扰乱害虫正常的生理代谢,使害虫发病而亡。与化学农药的杀虫原理迥然不同,因而在使用技术上要求很严格。实践证明,要提高细菌农药的使用效果,必须要掌握好以下技术要点:1.温度要适宜。细菌农药喷施的适宜温度在20℃以上。这是因为细菌农药的活性成分是蛋白质晶体和有生命的芽孢,在低温下,芽孢在害虫体内繁殖速度极慢,晶体也不易挥发,故杀虫能力弱,温度低到一定的程度,则完全失去杀虫效果。据测定,在25～30℃的条件下使用细菌农药,其防效比在10～15℃的条件下要高出1～2倍。因此,温度低于20℃时最好不使用细菌农药。
The use of bacterial pesticides to control pests of flowers and trees, with insecticidal benefits, safety of humans and animals, do not pollute the environment, do not harm natural enemies, do not induce pest resistance and many other advantages. According to the survey, the use of bacterial pesticides on many important pests of flowers and trees, such as leaf roller moths, thorn moths, night moths, beetles, beetles, etc., have a good control effect, the economic benefits are obvious. At present, bacterial pesticides that can be used for the prevention and control of flowers and pests include Bacillus thuringiensis, coccidian, BT emulsion and BT-781 insecticide, all of which are commercial pesticides. As the bacterial pesticide is a living body preparation, the insecticidal principle is that the bacterial body invades after contacting the pest, propagates in the pest body, disrupts the normal physiological metabolism of the pest, causes the pest to die and dies. And chemical pesticides insecticidal principle is very different, so the use of technical requirements are very strict. Practice has proved that to improve the use of bacteria and pesticides, we must master the following technical points: 1. The temperature should be appropriate. Bacterial spraying pesticide suitable temperature above 20 ℃. This is because the active ingredients of bacteria and pesticides are protein crystals and living spores, at low temperatures, spores in the body of pests in the propagation rate is extremely slow, the crystals are not volatile, it is insecticidal weak, low temperature to a certain extent, is completely Lost insecticidal effect. It is determined that the use of bacterial pesticides at 25-30 ° C has a control effect that is 1 to 2 times higher than that at 10-15 ° C. Therefore, the temperature is below 20 ℃ is best not to use bacterial pesticides.