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肾切除在临床上已广泛地应用于治疗肾脏肿瘤，或由于各种疾病，导致肾实质的严重损害或肾功能丧失，这种手术目前在许多基层单位已普遍开展。虽然在科学发展到器官移植的今天，保护机体本来器官的功能更比过去受到重视，周而有肾离休手术和/或自体肾移植等手术的发展，其目的是为了尽可能保存肾脏最大的功能部分，将肾切除减少到最低的限度。我院在记载完整的190例肾切除中，因误诊未能获得早期正确的治疗，或由于手术处理不当最终导致肾切除者共38例（占46.3％）。这部份病倒若能在早期得到正确的诊断和治疗，则可使部份肾脏的功能获得保存。本文就此88例进行分析，以期从中吸取教训，注意早期诊断，早期洽疗，保护肾脏功能，减少肾切除率。
Nephrectomy has been widely used in clinical treatment of renal tumors, or due to various diseases, resulting in severe renal parenchymal damage or loss of renal function, which is currently performed in many establishments. Although the function of protecting the original organs of the organism has been paid more attention in the scientific development to the time of organ transplantation, the development of surgery such as renal recuperation and / or autologous kidney transplantation has been carried out in order to save as much as possible the maximum function of the kidney In part, the nephrectomy is reduced to a minimum. In our hospital, of the 190 cases of complete nephrectomy, 38 cases (46.3%) had nephrectomy due to misdiagnosis, which failed to obtain early correct treatment or because of improper surgical treatment. This part of the sick if early in the correct diagnosis and treatment, you can make part of the kidney function is preserved. In this paper, 88 cases were analyzed in order to learn from them, pay attention to early diagnosis, early consultation, protection of renal function, reduce the rate of nephrectomy.