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通过对石家庄市污水灌溉区污水、农作物、土壤及地下水的现状调查及评价,研究了污水灌溉对农作物、土壤及地下水的影响。结果表明,石家庄市排放的污水水质为有机污染类型,硫化物污染较重,有机物污染中度,重金属类污染较轻;污水对排污水渠两侧地下水有影响,影响范围为100～200m;该市已用污水灌溉农田40年,作物(小麦、玉米)籽粒中重金属含量均相应低于国家食品重金属限量卫生标准;表层土壤中重金属含量均低于国家土壤环境质量标准中规定的二级标准。合理灌溉污水可增加土壤有机质和全N含量。
Through the investigation and evaluation of the status quo of sewage, crops, soil and groundwater in the sewage irrigation area of Shijiazhuang City, the effects of sewage irrigation on crops, soil and groundwater were studied. The results show that the water quality of sewage discharged from Shijiazhuang is organic pollution type, the pollution of sulfide is heavy, the pollution of organic matter is moderate, and the pollution of heavy metal is lighter. The sewage affects the groundwater on both sides of the sewage canal with the influence range of 100 ~ 200m. In the past 40 years of irrigated farmland, the contents of heavy metals in the grains of crops (wheat and corn) were all lower than those of the national food heavy metals. The contents of heavy metals in the surface soils were all lower than the second-class standards stipulated in the national soil environmental quality standards. Rational irrigation of sewage can increase soil organic matter and total N content.