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关联理论和心理模块论等经典的交际理论大多基于自主性交际观,将话语产出和话语接受作为两个相互独立的行为过程分别加以考察。本文基于Clark(1996)的协作性交际观,认为说话者和听话者在交际行为中紧密协作,为达成理解各自承担一定的会话责任。本文对五段多方会话语料的分析表明,多方交际中的说话者根据强制涵盖和强制排除进行话语角色的配置,听话者基于实质涵盖和实质排除来识别自身的话语角色,交际各方的会话责任受到涵盖与排除的影响,而不完全对应于话语角色类型。涵盖和排除原则的提出以及对会话责任的分析有助于更加深入地揭示多方交际的本质和规律。
Classical communicative theories, such as relevance theory and psychology module theory, are mostly based on the autonomous communicative concept, which separately examines discourse output and discourse acceptance as two mutually independent behavioral processes. Based on the collaborative communicative concept of Clark (1996), this paper argues that the speaker and hearer work closely together in the communicative act, and assume certain conversational responsibilities for understanding each other. The analysis of the five-session corpus shows that the speakers in the multi-party communication recognize their own discourse roles based on the substantive coverage and substantial exclusion, the conversations between the parties to the communication based on compulsively covering and forcibly excluding the configuration of discourse roles Responsibilities are covered and excluded, not completely corresponding to the type of discourse role. The inclusion of the principle of exclusion and the analysis of the responsibility of conversation help to reveal the essence and law of multi-party communication more deeply.