(1)缺氮老叶向新叶逐步黄化,叶片小;叶片基部呈黄色,干燥时则呈浅褐色;生长缓慢,茎短而细,结球菜类不易结球或结球不良。根菜类根不膨大。 (2)缺磷植株矮小(小老苗);叶片小且呈暗绿色,下部叶片变紫色和褐色,侧根生长不良。根菜类根不膨大。果菜类延迟结实和果实的成熟。 (3)缺钾最初在老叶尖端和叶缘变黄或变为褐色,沿叶脉处呈现斑点,组织腐烂和死亡。植株抗寒、抗旱能力较差,易倒伏。根菜类在根膨大时出现 (1) Nitrogen-deficient old leaves gradually yellowed to new leaves with small leaves; leaves were yellow at base and light brown when dry; stems were short and thin; Root vegetables root is not swollen. (2) Phosphorus-deficient plants are short (young); leaves are small and dark green, and the lower leaves turn purple and brown with poor lateral growth. Root vegetables root is not swollen. Fruits and vegetables delayed firm and fruit maturity. (3) Potassium deficiency initially turns yellow or brown at the tip and leaf margin of the old leaves, and spots, tissue decay and death occur along the vein. Plants cold, drought ability is poor, easy to lodging. Root vegetables appear in the root swelling