文字与文化是同构、互塑的,文字之中蕴含着丰富的民族文化精神,是民族文化精神的“活化石”。本文通过对中国汉字与希腊文字的差异比较研究,发现两者在多方面表现出“互为对称”的特征。汉字为象形文字,而希腊文字则为字母文字;在文字与口头传统的通约上,汉字与口头传统之间充满着排斥性,而希腊文字则与口头传统之间表现为亲和性。两族文字的选择取向的差异有着深厚的各自地理环境及经济方式的原因。中西文明、文化的分野,如民族的思维方式、对待文字态度、到达真理途径等差异均可以从两族的文字选择中得到解释。 Text and culture are isomorphic and interdependent. The text contains a rich national culture and is the living fossil of the national culture. Through comparative study of the differences between Chinese characters and Greek characters, this paper finds that the two characters show “symmetry” in many aspects. Chinese characters are hieroglyphs, while Greek texts are alphabetic letters. Between the tradition of writing and oral tradition, the characters and oral traditions are replete with exclusivity, while the Greek characters show affinity with oral traditions. The differences between the two ethnic groups in their choice of orientation have profound reasons for their respective geographical environment and economic mode. The differences between Chinese and Western civilizations and cultures, such as the way of thinking of ethnic groups, the treatment of written attitude, the way to the truth, can be explained from the choice of the two ethnic groups.