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目的探讨舟山海岛地区成人支气管哮喘控制水平的影响因素,为提高本地区哮喘控制水平提供科学依据。方法选取2013年1月至2015年1月舟山医院门诊及住院的确诊为成人支气管哮喘的289例患者为研究对象,以面对面问卷调查形式,用哮喘控制测试(ACT)评估患者控制水平,根据ACT评分≥20分将患者设为哮喘控制组(131例),<20分为哮喘未控制组(158例)。问卷内容包括:患者基本资料、临床特征、使用吸入性糖皮质激素(ICS)情况及ICS用药的依从性,用SPSS 17.0统计软件对计数资料进行χ2检验。结果 289例患者中,达到哮喘控制状态131例,哮喘控制率为45.3%,ACT评分为(18.10±6.06)分。哮喘控制组与未控制组比较,居住地、职业、合并症、发病季节、ICS治疗及ICS用药依从性与哮喘控制水平存在明显相关性,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组性别、年龄、BMI、文化程度、病程、吸烟、诱发加重因素(食用海鲜)及遗传史比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论舟山海岛地区成人哮喘患者的控制水平仍未达到全球哮喘防治倡议(GINA)理想目标,应针对影响哮喘控制因素采取相应的措施,以提高本地区哮喘控制水平。
Objective To explore the influencing factors of the control level of adult bronchial asthma in Zhoushan island area and to provide a scientific basis for raising the level of asthma control in this area. Methods From January 2013 to January 2015, 289 patients diagnosed as adult bronchial asthma in outpatient department and hospitalized in Zhoushan Hospital from January 2013 to January 2015 were enrolled in this study. The face-to-face questionnaire was used to assess the level of patient control with asthma control test (ACT) Patients were scored ≥20 points for asthma control group (n = 131) and <20 for asthma uncontrolled group (n = 158). The questionnaire included: basic information of patients, clinical features, the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and ICS medication compliance, count data using SPSS 17.0 statistical software χ2 test. Results Among the 289 patients, 131 cases achieved the state of asthma control, the asthma control rate was 45.3% and the ACT score was (18.10 ± 6.06) points. There was a significant correlation between placebo, occupation, comorbidity, season of onset, ICS treatment, compliance with ICS medication and asthma control in asthma control group and control group (all P <0.05) Gender, age, BMI, education level, course of disease, smoking, inducing aggravating factors (food seafood) and genetic history had no statistical significance (P> 0.05). Conclusion The control level of adult asthma patients in Zhoushan island area has not reached the goal of global asthma prevention and control initiative (GINA). Corresponding measures should be taken to control asthma control factors to improve the level of asthma control in this area.