Units 1—2课文疑难点拨

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  1.What should a good friend be like?
  (1)should是情态动词,这里表示推断,意为“应该”。另外,should还可以表示义务或责任、建议或劝告、意外或惊讶、谦逊或委婉等,也可用于征求意见。例如:
  You should pay your debts. 你应该还债。(表义务)
  You should go and ask your teacher. 你应该去问问老师。(表建议)
  I’m surprised that he should say so.
  他竟这样说,真让我吃惊。(表惊讶)
  I should like to know why. 我想知道这是为什么。(表委婉)
  Should I open the window? 我可以打开窗户吗?(征求意见)
  考例
  I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I ____ report it to the police? (2004全国)
  A. shouldB. mayC. willD. can
  解析:A 考查情态动词的用法。should意为“应该,应当”,这里表示征求意见,题干中说在空房子里看到灯光,这是一件奇怪而令人生疑的事,故问:你是否认为我应当把这事报告给警察?因而应选A。
  (2)What is…like? 此句型常用来询问对方对有关人或事物的评价,回答时常用描述性语言。这里like是介词作表语,表示“像”,其后也可以跟名词、代词构成介词短语作句子的表语、状语或定语。例如:
  ——What’s the exam like? 考试怎么样?
  ——Gee!So difficult. 哎呀!太难了。
  The little girl is very much like her mother.
  那小女孩非常像她妈妈。
  相关链接:
  look like 看起来像……taste like 尝起来像……
  sound like 听起来像……smell like 闻起来像……
  What does sb. look like? 某人看上去如何?
  What does sb. like? 某人喜欢什么?
  How does sb. like…? 某人认为……怎么样?
  例题
  ——What is your new English teacher like?
  ——____.
  A. She is well B. She likes us all
  C. She teaches us English wellD. She is kind but strict
  解析:D 本题考查交际用语。题干是询问该老师的内在品质或外部特征,四个选项中,唯有D项是描述老师的特点——她为人和气但却要求严格。选项A意思为“她身体健康”,不符合题意。
  2.I don’t enjoy singing, nor do I like computers.
  (1)倒装结构“neither/nor+系动词/情态动词/助动词+主语”用于否定句,表示与前面所陈述的动作或情况有着相同的否定概念,应注意主谓在人称和数上保持一致。例如:
  I don’t get up early in the morning, neither does he.
  我早晨不早起,他也不。
  I can’t swim, nor do I want to learn.
  我不会游泳,也不想学。
  (2)前后主语相同,谓语不同,谓语不能省略。例如:
  I can’t speak French, nor do I understand it.
  我不会说法语,也不懂法语。
  [注意]如果主语是同一个人,则只能用nor。
  考例
  Mary never does any reading in the evening, ____. (2005全国)
  A. so does John B. John does too
  C. John doesn’t too D. nor does John
  解析:D 本题考查倒装句的用法。表示“甲不做某事,乙也不做某事”时,常用“neither/nor+助动词+主语”结构来表达。故答案为D。
  3.Rock music is OK, and so is skiing.
  (1)“so+连系动词/情态动词/助动词+另一主语”是主谓倒装结构,表示另一主语与前面所述的主语做的事或所处的情况相同。
  使用这一句型时,前后两句必须是肯定句,两句时态和系动词(情态动词、助动词)必须一致。例如:
  I went to the park yesterday, so did Li Ming.
  我昨天去公园了,李明也去了。
  I like playing basketball, so does he. 我喜欢打篮球,他也喜欢。
  (2)“so+陈述语序”,主谓语不倒装,用于对上文的进一步的肯定或确认。例如:
  ——He drank too much. 他喝多了。
  ——So he did. 的确是的。
  (3)so it is/was with…表示上下文叙述内容相同,主要用于上下文是相同的谓语或有肯定也有否定的情况。例如:
  He is a student and studies in No. 1 Middle School. So it is with her. 他是一名学生,并且在第一中学学习。她也是如此。
  考例
  ——Maggie had a wonderful time at the party.
  ——____, and so did I. (2005安徽)
  A. So she hadB. So had sheC. So she didD. So did she
  解析:C 本题考查so的特殊用法。若表示对前一句的赞同,用“so+与前句相同的主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词”来表示,so she did意为“的确如此,确实这样”;若是前一句的情况也适用于另一者,则用“so+助动词/系动词/情态动词+另一主语”,意为“……也是如此,这样”。根据题意,C为正确答案。
  4.One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes.
  在本句中,when是并列连词,表示“就在那个/这个时候”,相当于and just at that time, and then,它常与be about to, be doing等搭配使用。例如:
  I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
  我正要出去,这时电话铃响了。
  I was doing my homework when he came in.
  我正在做作业,这时他进来了。
  They were having a picnic when it rained.
  他们正在野炊,这时下起了雨。
  考例
  Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park ____ she was bitten on the leg by a lion. (2004上海)
  A. when B. while C. since D. once
  解析:A 句意为:Jasmine在和家人在野生动物园度假的时候,被狮子咬伤了腿。when在本句中为并列连词,意为:and just then, and just at that time。
  5.Even though Wilson is just a volleyball, he becomes fond of him.
  even though/if作连词用,引导的是让步状语从句,二者用法和意义基本相同,even if较为常用。引导让步状语从句时,该从句往往表述可能性不大或假设的事情,可用于虚拟语气,也可用于陈述语气,意为“即使,尽管,纵然”。例如:
  He will not tell the secret, even though/if he knows it.
  即使他知道这个秘密,他也不肯说出来。
  He would not give a hand even though he was here.
  即使他在,他也不会帮忙。
  例题
  I’ll finish the work in time ____ I meet with great difficulty.
  A. howeverB. no matterC. as ifD. even though
  解析:D 本题考查引导让步状语从句的连词even though/if。分析句意可知空格前后的两个句子在逻辑上相反,所以该空格处应填入一个表达转折或让步意味的连词。
  6.The lesson we can learn from Chuck and all the others who have unusual friends is that friends are teachers.
  (1)此句的基本结构是The lesson…is that…,这里that是从属连词,用来引导表语从句,即用作表语的从句,that在从句中不作任何成分,也无任何意义。表语从句中that既不可以省略,也不可以与which互换,表语从句必须用陈述语序。例如:
  The trouble is that I have lost his address.
  麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。
  (2) 此句结构复杂,lesson后跟一个省略关系代词that/which的定语从句,而这个定语从句中又包含一个定语从句,即介词from的宾语all the others后面的who have unusual friends,修饰all the others。
  (3)当句子的主语是lesson, reason, result时,其表语从句一般只能由that引导,常用结构为:
  The lesson/result/reason is that…
  例题
  The trouble is ____ he has never done the work before.
  A. which B. that C. what D. whether
  解析:B 此题考查that引导表语从句,不作句子成分。句意为“麻烦在于他以前从未干过这个工作”。
  7.Got it.
  意为“明白了”。省略掉了主语,全句为I got it.,比较口语化,相当于I see, 另外还可表示其他含义。例如:
  I don’t get it; why would she do a thing like that?
  我不明白她为什么要干这种事?
  ——Did you write down the words? 记下单词了吗?
  ——Got it!记下了!
  相关链接:
  get away 逃,离
  get back 返回,回来,回家
  get close (to) 接近
  get down 降下
  get down to 开始认真(做某事)
  get in 进入,收获,达到
  get off 脱下(衣服等),下车
  get on 上车,过活
  get on with sb. 与……相处
  get through 通过,拨通(电话)
  get together 聚会,联欢
  get up 起床
  考例
  The final examination is coming up soon. It’s time for us to ____ our
  studies. (2004辽宁)
  A. get down to B. get out C. get back for D. get over
  解析:A get down to表示 “开始认真对待,开始认真考虑”;get out指“(使)出去,离开,逃脱,摆脱,(消息等)泄露”;get back for“回来,恢复”;get over意为“爬过(墙),克服(困难、偏见等),熬,做完,从(病、失败等)中恢复过来”。根据句意“期末考试快要到了,是该开始认真对待学习的时候了。”可知A正确。
  8.In total, for more than 375 million people English is their mother tongue.
  (1)total这个词有三种词性,既可作名词,又可作形容词和动词。作名词表示“总数”;作形容词时,表示“整个的,全部的,总数的”;作动词时,表示“总数为,加起来是”。例如:
  In total, there must be around 1,000 people attending the meeting today. (名词)
  总共有大约1000人参加了今天的会议。
  What is the total costs of the furniture we need? (形容词)
  我们所需家具的总费用是多少?
  The money left totals only $15. (动词)
  剩下的钱加起来仅有15美元。
  (2)常用短语in total相当于as a whole/in all,表示“整个地,总共”。例如:
  How much is it in all/in total? 总共要多少钱?
  (3)more than和数字连用意为“超过,多于”,与名词、形容词、副词、动名词或分词连用,意为“不只是,非常,岂止”。例如:
  People more than 18 years of age have the right to vote in China.
  在中国,年满18岁的公民拥有选举权。
  I was more than glad to help. 我巴不得能帮上忙。
  Both of them are much more than schoolmates. They are close friends. 他们两个远不只是同学,他们是知心朋友。
  They were more than glad to help. 他们是极其愿意帮忙的。
  (4)本句中mother tongue即native language,意思是“本国语;母语”。例如:
  Chinese is my mother tongue(native language/native tongue).
  汉语是我的母语。
  例题
  ——Do you know how many students took part in the sports meet?
  ——About 400 ____.
  A. all together B. after all C. in total D. at total
  解析:C 此题考查短语辨析。依据语境,此处须选用表达“总共,总计”的短语。in total与in all, altogether同义,都表示“总共”,但不能用all together“全部都,全部一起”;after all意为“毕竟,终究,到底”,在此不符合题意;没有at total这样的搭配。因而选C正确。
  例题
  We advertised for pupils last autumn, and got ____ 60.
  A. more than B. more of C. as much as D. so many as
  解析:A 本题主要考查数字前修饰词语的选用。more than和数字连用,意思是“多于”;more of在此处结构本身有误;as much as用来修饰不可数名词,而此处是60 students; so many as只用于否定句中,而此处是肯定句。题意为:去年秋天我们贴了招生广告,招收了60多名学生。
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