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产能过剩问题是西方主流经济学的盲区。国内讨论过剩产能思路的矛盾,反映四种不同的市场概念,包括新古典经济学模型构造的完美市场、现实存在的自发市场、规范市场和国际垄断市场。对国内过剩产能原因的认识,不能无视国际大宗商品价格大幅变动对国内市场的冲击,以及国际分工下大公司的市场份额竞争。市场经济必然存在规模经济和技术代谢,由此产生的产能过剩是“创造性毁灭”的代价。企业和政府应对不同产业不同生命周期的过剩产能,不同的战略和对策会产生完全不同的后果。中国社会主义混合经济的社会统筹能力,在应对全球性规模竞争和过剩产能上,比西方有更大的优越性。
The problem of overcapacity is a blind spot in the mainstream of Western economics. The contradictions in domestic discussions on the idea of excess capacity reflect four different market concepts, including the perfect market constructed by the neoclassical economics model, the spontaneous market with realistic existence, the regulated market and the international monopoly market. The understanding of the causes of excess domestic production capacity can not ignore the impact of the drastic changes in international commodity prices on the domestic market and the competition in market shares of large companies under the international division of labor. The inevitable existence of economies of scale and technological metabolism in the market economy will lead to overcapacity at the cost of “creative destruction.” Enterprises and governments respond to excess capacity at different life cycles in different industries, and different strategies and countermeasures will have completely different consequences. The social co-ordination capability of China’s socialist mixed economy has more advantages than the West in coping with the global scale competition and excess capacity.