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叶酸(盐)是人类健康、生长发育必需的维生素,作为辅助因子或辅酶,叶酸在基因组的维持与修补、基因表达的调控、氨基酸代谢、髓鞘生成与神经递质如5-羟色胺、儿茶酚胺及褪黑素的合成中起关键的生物作用。其缺乏可导致从受精前确定的遗传综合征(如21三体综合征)、胚胎形成过程发生的畸形(如神经管缺陷)到出生获得的并可能成为进行性的脑病(如脑叶酸缺乏病,甚至成人的缺血性脑卒中、痴呆及抑郁等神经变性和神经精神病)。其中大部分是可以治疗或预防的,必须引起临床医师的足够警惕和重视。
Folic acid (salt) is a vitamin necessary for human health and growth and development. As a cofactor or coenzyme, folic acid is involved in the maintenance and repair of genomes, regulation of gene expression, metabolism of amino acids, myelination and neurotransmitters such as serotonin, catecholamines and Melatonin plays a key biological role in the synthesis. This deficiency can lead to degenerative (eg, neural tube defects) development from genetic syndromes identified before fertilization (eg, trisomy 21), embryogenesis, to those acquired at birth that may become progressive (eg, folic acid deficiency , And even adult ischemic stroke, dementia and depression and other neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric). Most of them are treatable or preventable and must be sufficiently vigilant and valued by clinicians.