在战时,水源的放射性增高是由于原子弹爆炸或者所谓军用放射物质落于水中所致。在前一种情况下,水的沾染是由于原子弹未分裂的粒子、粒子的分裂产物及中子所致。原子弹未分裂的粒子(铀U~(235)或者钚Pu~(239))落于水中之后,于水中逐渐地分裂,并放出甲种和乙种粒子及丙种射线。原子弹的分裂产物是Д.И.门德列耶夫周期系30——锌至64——钆之间的35种元素的混合物(Элиазен等)。这些物质溶于水中或在水中成混悬状恣,连续地分裂而放出乙种粒子,而某些物质除放出乙种粒子外,还放出丙种射线,最终变为无放射性(没有活性的)的元素。例如,放射性磷P~(32)和锶Sr~(89),只 During wartime, the radioactive increase of water sources was caused by the atomic bombings or the so-called military radioactive material falling into the water. In the former case, the contamination of the water is due to the unsplit particles of the bomb, the particle splinters and neutrons. Particles (uranium U 235 or plutonium Pu 239 239) of the atomic bomb fall into the water and then gradually split in the water and emit the first and second seeds and the second rays. The split product of the atomic bomb was a mixture of 35 elements between the Mendleyev Periodic System 30 - zinc and 64 - gadolinium (Элиазен and others). These substances dissolve in water or become suspended in water. They break apart continuously to release B-type particles. In addition to releasing some B-type particles, some substances emit gamma-rays and eventually become radioactive (inactive). element. For example, radioactive phosphorus P ~ (32) and strontium Sr ~ (89), only