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目的了解烧伤病区病原菌分布特点及其耐药情况,为临床治疗提供参考。方法回顾性分析笔者单位烧伤病区348例住院患者的创面、血液、静脉导管、痰液、尿液及脓液等标本分离而得的菌株,统计其病原菌分布情况及耐药性。结果共检出464株病原菌,其中革兰阴性杆菌244株占52.6%、革兰阳性球菌188株占40.5%、真菌32株占6.9%。主要检出菌株为金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍氏不动杆菌、大肠埃希菌。甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)对环丙沙星、青霉素G、苯唑西林等的耐药率已达100.0%,只对万古霉素敏感。铜绿假单胞菌对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、亚胺培南、头孢吡肟的耐药率分别为15.8%、36.8%、33.3%。结论金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍氏不动杆菌、大肠埃希菌是烧伤病区感染的主要病原菌;金黄色葡萄球菌、鲍氏不动杆菌对抗生素的耐药率较高。
Objective To understand the distribution characteristics and drug resistance of pathogens in burn wards and provide reference for clinical treatment. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 348 isolates from hospitalized patients with burn wounds, blood, venous catheters, sputum, urine and pus in units of burns ward in our hospital. The distribution of pathogens and their drug resistance were analyzed. Results A total of 464 pathogens were detected, of which 244 strains were Gram-negative bacilli, 52.6% were Gram-positive cocci, 188 strains were Gram-positive cocci, 40.5% were fungi and 32 strains were fungi, accounting for 6.9%. The main strains tested were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli. The rate of resistance to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to ciprofloxacin, penicillin G and oxacillin reached 100.0%, which was only sensitive to vancomycin. The resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cefoperazone / sulbactam, imipenem and cefepime were 15.8%, 36.8% and 33.3%, respectively. Conclusion Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli are the main pathogenic bacteria in the burn area. Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii are more resistant to antibiotics.