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夸张这种修辞格,也叫做“铺张”。王充《论衡》称之为“增”,刘勰《文心雕龙》称之为“夸饰”,近人唐钺的《修辞格》称之为“扬厉”,鲁迅有时也称之为“廓大”。照鲁迅的说法,夸张和漫画一样,是“廓大一个事件或人物的特点”,使之“更容易显出效果”。而所谓“显出效果”,就是“确切的显示了事件或人物的姿态,也就是精神”,使人一目了然,得其艺术上的真实。夸张不拘泥于事实的真实,却也基于事实的真实“,含着一点诚实在里面”,否则就不能称之为夸张,而是“胡闹”和“笑话”了。
This rhetoric of exaggeration is also called “spreading.” Wang Chong’s “Lun Heng” calls it “Zeng” and Liu Xie “Wen Xin Diao Long” calls it “Premium”. In recent years, Tang Yan’s “Rhetoric” is called “Yang Li”, and Lu Xun sometimes called it “ Profile.” According to Lu Xun, exaggeration, like comics, is “characterizing the characteristics of an event or character,” making it “easier to show results”. The so-called “showing the effect” is “exactly showing the gesture of the event or the character, which is the spirit”, which makes people understand at a glance and obtains their artistic truth. Exaggeration is not confined to the truth of the facts, but it is also based on the truth of the facts, “with a bit of honesty in it,” otherwise it cannot be called exaggeration, but rather “hoofing” and “jokes.”