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目的调查分析本次中毒事件的流行病学特征,鉴定引起中毒的毒蘑菇种类,提出防控措施,预防中毒事件的再次发生。方法运用病例访谈、食谱调查、现场采样和毒蘑菇的形态学鉴定等方法对中毒事件进行分析。结果某外来务工人员自行采摘并进食野生蘑菇约250g,2h后出现恶心、呕吐、四肢乏力、意识不清等神经精神型中毒症状,凝血活酶时间39.7s。患者经洗胃、导泻、补液等对症治疗后病情好转。食谱调查显示除了自行采摘的蘑菇外未见其他可疑中毒食品,经形态学鉴定为残托斑鹅膏有环变型。该起事件是误食名为残托斑鹅膏有环变型的毒鹅膏菌引起的食物中毒。结论误食残托鹅膏有环变型的毒菌中毒事件在广州市属首次报道。该菌与一些可食的种类较为相似,容易误食,加强健康教育,提醒民众不要采食野生蘑菇是预防毒菌中毒最根本的方法。
Objective To investigate and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the poisoning incidents, identify the types of poisonous mushrooms causing poisoning, and put forward prevention and control measures to prevent the recurrence of poisoning incidents. Methods The cases of poisoning were analyzed using case interviews, recipes investigation, field sampling and morphological identification of poisonous mushrooms. Results A migrant worker picked and consumed about 250g of wild mushrooms by himself. After 2h, he had nausea, vomiting, weakness of the limbs, unconsciousness and other symptoms of neuropsychiatric poisoning. The thromboplastin time was 39.7s. Patients with gastric lavage, catharsis, rehydration and other symptomatic treatment improved condition. Recipe surveys showed no suspicious poisoning except for the mushrooms picked by themselves. The incident is a food poisoning caused by the poisonous amanita bacteria that is ring-shaped and has a ring-shaped alpaca. Conclusion The edible goat ointment ring variant of poisoning poisoning in Guangzhou for the first time reported. The bacteria and some edible species are more similar, easy to eat, strengthen health education, reminding people not to eat wild mushrooms is the most fundamental way to prevent poisoning.