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关于肾小球旁器的结构和功能过去已做了较多的研究。近年来,国外不少学者继续进行着深入的探索取得了一些新成果。为此,本文综合了有关文献,以供参考。 由于输入和输出小动脉壁上的球旁细胞以及其间的球外系膜细胞来源于血管平滑肌细胞,并均由颗粒细胞和无颗粒细胞组成,所以总称为肾小球旁器的血管成分(Vascular com-ponent); 致密斑是远曲小管壁的一部分,称为小管成分(tubular component)。最近又发现在球囊脏层与壁层移行处有一种形态和功能与肾小球旁器密切相关的细胞,被称为颗粒性极周上皮细胞。这样,肾小球旁器就包括四种细胞:颗粒细胞、无颗粒细胞、致密斑细胞和颗粒性极周上皮细胞(图1)。
More studies have been done on the structure and function of the glomerular prostheses. In recent years, many foreign scholars continue to conduct in-depth exploration and achieved some new achievements. To this end, this article combines the relevant literature for reference. Because the input and output of parafollicular cells in the wall of the arterioles and the extramembranous mesangial cells in between are derived from vascular smooth muscle cells and are both composed of granulosa cells and non-granulosa cells, the vascular component of the glomerular vessels (Vascular com-ponent); compact plaque is part of the distal convoluted tubule, called the tubular component. Recently found in the balloon layer of the visceral and parietal migration has a morphology and function of the cells closely related to the glomerular cells, known as granular polar epithelial cells. Thus, the perinephrons include four kinds of cells: granulosa cells, non-granulosa cells, dense plaques and granular polar epithelial cells (Figure 1).