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相当一部分先天性心脏病患儿存在神经系统发育异常。多种生化及物理学检查指标可用于预测不良的神经发育预后，有助于早期干预和改善先天性心脏病所致的神经发育障碍。近年来，关于先天性心脏病神经发育异常的研究在实验室检测、神经物理学检查、围手术期处理等方面均取得了新进展。文章就预测先天性心脏病神经发育异常的相关因素进行综述。“,”A lot of children with congenital heart disease have an abnormal development of nervous system. A variety of biochemical and physical examination indices can be used to predict adverse outcome of neurodevelopment caused by congenital heart disease and they contribute to early intervention and improvement of neurodevelopmental disorders. In recent years, new progresses in the laboratory tests, neurological physiccal examination and perioperative management of the neurodevelopmental abnormalities caused by congenital heart disease have been made. The predictive factors of abnormal neurodevelopment caused by congenital heart disease were reviewed in this article.