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从“张袂成阴,挥汗成雨”的临淄到现代的大都市,经过几千年的发展,城市和城市文化产生了重大的变化。随着工业文明的发展,现代的城市中越来越多地涌现出超级大城市,即大都会或者叫做世界都市(Cosmopolis)。现代大都会是传统大城市发展的极致,它使传统城市的一切重要特征——密集的人口、繁荣的商业、鳞次栉比的高楼大厦、四通八达的交通网络等等——都更加强化,甚至可以说是过分地强化了。在美国作家德莱塞的小说《嘉莉妹妹》中通过一名乡下姑娘的眼睛描画出了一座19世纪末期开始崛起的现代工业城市芝加哥的形象:
From Linzi, “Zhang Mei Chengyin, Sweating into Rain,” to modern metropolis, after several thousand years of development, the city and city culture have undergone major changes. With the development of industrial civilization, more and more super cities are emerging in modern cities, that is, the cosmopolitan or cosmopolis city. The modern metropolis is the ultimate in the development of the traditional metropolis, which reinforces all the important features of traditional cities - dense population, prosperous commerce, row upon row of high-rise buildings, transportation network extending in all directions - and even arguably Exaggerated. Through the eyes of a country girl in the novel Sister Carrie of American writer Dreiser depicts the image of Chicago, a modern industrial city that began to rise in the late 19th century: