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随着陆上“丝绸之路经济带”建设的进一步推进,中国与地处丝绸之路中亚经济带核心区的中亚五国的经贸合作正日益紧密。本文基于联合国UNCOMTRADE数据库和亚太经社会数据库,整理了双方2000-2013年的贸易数据,在对双方贸易发展现状描述的基础上,通过出口产品相似度指数、贸易结合度指数、产业内贸易指数和显示性比较优势指数等指标的测算,对中国和中亚五国贸易的竞争性和互补性进行详细地分析。结论显示,中国与中亚五国贸易结构具有较强的互补性:中国在延续了劳动力密集型产成品优势的基础上,随着国内产业结构的优化升级,工业制成品的科技含量和附加值不断提升,竞争力正日愈凸显。中亚五国凭借其丰富的自然资源,以原材料、矿产品、石油为代表的初级产品的出口不断强化,与中国的贸易形成了极强的互补性特征。
With the further advancement of the onshore construction of the “Silk Road Economic Belt,” economic and trade cooperation between China and the five Central Asian countries located in the core area of the Silk Road Central Asia Economic Belt is becoming increasingly closer. Based on the UN UNCOMTRADE database and the ESCAP database, the article has compiled the trade data of the two sides from 2000 to 2013. Based on the description of the status quo of trade development between the two sides, the article uses the similarity index of export products, trade union index, intra-industry trade index and Display comparative advantage index and other indicators of the calculation, the five countries in Central Asia and China’s trade competitiveness and complementarity in detail. The conclusion shows that the trade structure between China and the five Central Asian countries is highly complementary: on the basis of continuing the advantages of labor-intensive finished products, with the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure in China, the technological content and addition of manufactured goods Increasing value, competitiveness is increasingly prominent. With their rich natural resources, the five Central Asian countries have continuously strengthened the export of primary products represented by raw materials, mineral products and petroleum, and have formed strong complementarities with China’s trade.