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本文就收入不平等影响总消费的理论基础、机制及计量方法进行了深入的探讨。首先基于一个最优消费决策模型,给出边际消费倾向递减的理论条件,省际面板数据校准表明中国居民边际消费倾向递减。通过构建一个包含基尼系数的宏观消费函数,本文严格证明了收入不平等对中国居民总消费的负面影响,指出边际消费倾向的其他特征无法确定收入不平等对总消费影响的唯一性。基于宏观消费函数,本文给出了计算收入不平等的消费损失公式以及收入不平等变化对总消费变化影响的公式。运算结果表明:1996-2010年期间,中国居民收入不平等导致的绝对消费损失年均为1 383.56亿元(1996年价),损失率为2.68%;由于基尼系数增大导致居民总消费下降510.9亿元,占居民总消费变化值的1.06%。
In this paper, the theoretical basis, mechanism and measurement method of inequality affecting total consumption are discussed in depth. First, based on an optimal consumption decision model, the author gives the theoretical condition that the marginal propensity to consume diminishes. The provincial panel data calibration shows that the marginal propensity to consume of Chinese residents declines. By constructing a macro consumption function with Gini coefficient, the paper strictly verifies the negative impact of income inequality on the total consumption of Chinese residents. It points out that other features of marginal propensity to consume can not determine the uniqueness of the impact of income inequality on total consumption. Based on the macro consumption function, this paper gives the consumption loss formula for calculating income inequality and the formula of the impact of the change of income inequality on the change of total consumption. The calculation results show that the absolute consumption loss caused by the inequality of Chinese residents during 1996-2010 averaged 138.356 billion yuan (1996 price), with a loss rate of 2.68%. The total consumption of residents decreased by 510.9 as the Gini coefficient increased 100 million yuan, accounting for 1.06% of the total change in residents’ consumption.