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脓毒症是临床常见危重病，是导致脓毒性休克和多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）的主要原因之一，病死率居高不下，也是重症监护病房（ICU）患者的主要死亡原因之一，传统临床干预措施单一而局限。烟酰胺具有广泛的细胞保护作用。大量研究表明，烟酰胺可通过修复线粒体功能恢复三磷酸腺苷（ATP）水平、抑制多聚二磷酸腺苷核糖聚合酶（PARP）的激活、抑制促炎介质及抗氧化损伤等机制，在感染和脓毒症治疗中发挥重要的作用。本文通过对脓毒症的发生机制及烟酰胺在脓毒症治疗中的作用进行综述，旨在为发掘新的针对脓毒症的治疗方向和有效治疗措施提供参考。“,”Sepsis is a common clinical critical disease, which is one of the main causes of septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Since traditional clinical interventions are simple and limited, the mortality of sepsis remains high and is also one of the main causes of death of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Nicotinamide has a wide range of cytoprotective effects. A large number of studies have shown that nicotinamide can play an important role in infection and sepsis by repairing mitochondrial function to restore adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level, inhibiting poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation, inhibiting proinflammatory mediators and antioxidant damage. This article reviews the pathogenesis of sepsis and the role of nicotinamide in sepsis treatment, aiming to provide references for exploring new therapeutic directions and effective therapeutic measures for sepsis.