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根据38CrMoAlA钢的特性,从应力的基本概念出发分析了氮化和加工过程中产生变形的机理,提出了导轨断面几何形状的等效设计和等效加工的概念,并进行了试验和比较,实验证明,导轨断面形状设计结构是否合理是产生氮化件变形的主要因素。而变形的导轨经过加工可造成工作表面的硬度不均,并将进一步影响精密导轨的使用性能和精度保持性。本文共分两个部份,第一部份是38CrMoAlA钢氮化导轨的等效设计原理及计算公式,试验结果;第二部份是等效加工和几种常用材料的比较。
According to the characteristics of 38CrMoAlA steel, the mechanism of deformation during nitriding and machining is analyzed based on the basic concept of stress. The equivalent design of the geometry of the guide rail and the concept of equivalent machining are put forward, and the experiments and comparisons are made. It is proved that whether the design of track cross-section shape is reasonable or not is the main factor of the deformation of nitride part. The deformation of the rail after processing can cause uneven hardness of the work surface, and will further affect the precision rail performance and accuracy of retention. This article is divided into two parts, the first part is 38CrMoAlA steel nitride rail equivalent design principle and calculation formula, the test results; the second part is the equivalent processing and several commonly used materials comparison.